cross-posted from: https://lemmy.world/post/42285031

I think i understand adding a link to /etc/apt/sources.list so apt knows to check there for packages. What i don’t understand is how to find those links.

For example: i know i want xed, a plain text editor. Wikipedia tells me that’s maintained by Linux Mint, but the Mint website doesn’t, as far as i can tell, have a link to a repository for installing Mint-specific packages in another distro (assuming that’s possible). It doesn’t mention what i might want to put in sources.list.

The same is true of Cinnamon, Mate, Xfce, KDE, and Gnome. If i install Debian and it doesn’t come with one of these listed in the aforementioned file (and it doesn’t), i have no idea how to get packages from that repository unless i can also find a downloadable .deb file and it has no dependencies from unknown repositories, or i download the entire desktop environment i want just a few packages from.

For context: i plan to install Debian without a DE and just get what packages i want from across several DEs. This will be hard to do if there are no software sources for apt.

Is this hard to find because it’s something that people who don’t know what they’re doing shouldn’t mess with? Am i just looking in the wrong places, or for the wrong thing?

One thing i’ve successfully installed with apt (as opposed to a .deb package) is LibreWolf, which i used extrepo for in accordance with the instructions on their website. Should i be using that instead for packages meant for specific desktop environments?

  • GaumBeist@lemmy.ml
    1·
    11 hours ago

    Since you’re installing Debian, presumably you’ve done the required reading according to their wiki, and seen the DontBreakDebian page.

    If not, here’s the portion I’m thinking of (emphasis mine)

    Don’t make a FrankenDebian

    Debian Stable should not be combined with other releases carelessly. If you’re trying to install software that isn’t available in the current Debian Stable release, it’s not a good idea to add repositories for other Debian releases.

    First of all, apt-get upgrade default behavior is to upgrade any installed package to the highest available version. If, for example, you configure the forky archive on a trixie system, APT will try to upgrade almost all packages to forky.

    This can be mitigated by configuring apt pinning to give priority to packages from trixie.

    However, even installing few packages from a “future” release can be risky. The problems might not happen right away, but the next time you install updates.

    The reason things can break is because the software packaged for one Debian release is built to be compatible with the rest of the software for that release. For example, installing packages from forky on a trixie system could also install newer versions of core libraries including libc6. This results in a system that is not testing or stable but a broken mix of the two.

    Repositories that can create a FrankenDebian if used with Debian Stable:

    • Debian testing release (currently forky)
    • Debian unstable release (also known as sid)
    • Ubuntu, Mint or other derivative repositories are not compatible with Debian!
    • **Ubuntu PPAs and other repositories created to distribute single applications **

    Some third-party repositories might appear safe to use as they contain only packages that have no equivalent in Debian. However, there are no guarantees that any repository will not add more packages in future, leading to breakage.

    Finally, packages in official Debian releases have gone through extensive testing, often for months, and only fit packages are allowed in a release. On the other hand, packages from external sources might alter files belonging to other packages, configure the system in unexpected ways, introduce vulnerabilities, cause licensing issues.

    Once packages from unofficial sources are introduced in a system it can become difficult to pinpoint the cause of breakage especially if it happens after months.

    I would personally add that this isn’t a case of “if”, but rather “when”. Even if it works at the beginning, all it takes is Mint deciding they want to use a newer library when they update the package you’re using, and suddenly your system won’t boot and there’s no clear, easy solution other than “restore from backup.”

    Even if you know what you’re doing, I would limit tinkering to binaries managed in the $HOME/.local/bin (and any applications that work as package management for that, like cargo, pip or homebrew) or packages that you completely control yourself (such as through git pulls and compiling yourself).

    “Stick to the official repo” is generally the advice I would give for any distro, with the exception of DIY OSes that are intended to be patchwork, like gentoo or Arch.

    THAT BEING SAID: I’m not saying “don’t install without a DE and piece your desired DE together from their parts.” Debian has a lot of DEs, window managers, and their individual parts all in the official repos; a lot of the difference you see between the versions Debian offers and the versions Mint or Ubuntu offer are basically just theming that you can do yourself without altering the system packages.

    If you absolutely must install a 3rd party repo, just understand you are sacrificing Debian’s selling point of stability, and waiving your rights to hold the Debian Maintainers responsible; and when your system breaks (which might not be for many years), it will be entirely your own fault.